Showing posts with label grades. Show all posts
Showing posts with label grades. Show all posts

Saturday, February 14, 2015

Student Assessment Considerations


Assessment, Grades, and Homework



Student assessment methods need consistency across the nation. The typical method of assessment is a matter of grading student work and averaging the grades, but assessment involves much more than numbers. 

Assessment Quick and Dirty

Teachers are invited to read the points below, read the articles and links in this channel and offer opinions. Perhaps your contributions will help others improve grading and assessment. The points below are intended for kick-starting your assessment process-- how and why you assess.


Students Assessment Issues

What is the basis for your method of grading? (I.e., did you invent it, adapt it from another source, base it on reading and/or research?)

  • Do you adjust grades for student behavior like being late to class?
  • Do you have a test/quiz make up policy?
  • Do you give extra credit to allow students to improve a period grade?
  • How often do you give homework?
  • Do you include homework as part of a period grade? If so, how much does it count?
  • Do you grade all student work?
  • Do you know the difference between formative and summative assessments?
  • How many grades per student do you record in a typical grading period?
  • Do you ever give true/false items?
  • Do you give zeros?
  • Do you give a variety of items on major tests like multiple choice, essay, short answer, or other tasks?
Perhaps I omitted something that you would like to include or encourage others to discuss. Leave us a comment? 

Monday, September 15, 2014

Improving Tests Scores

Parents Can Help Children Improve Tests Scores

There are fun and helpful lessons in everyday activities.

Tests scores generally are the most important part or a student's score. Parents can make the difference between passing and failing by following a few easy tips.


School can be confusing at any age, but getting off to a good beginning is indispensable. If students get off to a good start, parents will have less trouble later on with unpleasant confrontations about school achievement. School can become a source of positive experiences instead of conflict
.

Parents Can Help Children Develop Positive Attitudes About School and Tests

Children enjoy time with parents doing almost anything that’s not work. Some of that time can be devoted to simple learning games and activities that stimulate interest in early learning. Simple games that exercise memory are helpful. Educational computer games are plentiful and many are beneficial to learning, although computer time needs to be monitored to prevent the development of a bad habit.

Almost anything a child creates with a crayon, pencil, or finger paint should be validated by parental recognition. For preschoolers, mistakes in forming letters or drawing pictures should not be corrected. Their efforts may look primitive, but nerve development determines how fast and how soon children can learn. Insisting that they do better may be insisting the impossible. Beginners are largely self-motivated and improve at a rate determined by neural development as long as what they do gets positive attention.

Parents serve as guides to the learning process by showing interest, patiently answering endless questions, and helping children observe and make sense of the world around them. The seeds of school success are planted early by instilling confidence and curiosity. Successful students typically have parents who supported the school, the teachers, and who read to children and encouraged individual reading.

When School Gets Real Parents are as Important as Ever

New students should not be pressured toward perfection. A few fortunate children can maintain high grades with little effort. Most will encounter problems and may be disappointed occasionally. A desire to perform well is healthy; intermittent setbacks should be viewed as opportunities to learn from mistakes.

A calm parent in the midst of early education can help establish attitudes that become internalized guides for handling future academic emergencies throughout formal learning. Stressed out parents are poor models for kids. Parents can help their children with test success by reinforcing specific skills.

  • Practice listening skills so that information presented verbally is at least partially retained. Parents help children with this skill by reading short passages and asking a few questions based on the reading. Parents should be supportive and not critical
  • Parents should stay abreast of work done in class. They should look over materials to be sure children understand why they missed questions or performed below par.
  • Parents should have high expectations, but take care not to create stress by placing unrealistic performance goals on a child.
  • Help children develop the ability to follow directions by creating a game that involves completing simple tasks that require successfully attending to directions.
  • Discourage cramming for tests by staying current with test and quiz schedules.
  • Children should write assignments down when able. Many teachers use websites to post lessons. Parents should encourage children to learn gradually to avoid cramming.
  • Teach children how to use context clues in to answer question
  • Teach children how to eliminate choices in multiple choice tests.
  • Don’t punish children for failure.
  • Fear of failure is stressful.This is especially important if it is obvious that they tried to do their best. Rather, get involved in correcting errors and analyzing what went wrong.
  • Some teachers allow students to retake a different version of a failed test. Parents should check with individual teachers.

Parents should obtain a copy of the standards children are responsible for in each subject so they can help with studying and pointing out practical examples in real life. Teachers should be able to provide standards or they are likely available on state department of education websites.

Children Should not be Defined by Their Grades

Discussions about school success should be conducted calmly. School is about learning and learning is about preparing to be an independent and responsible adult. Grades are unavoidable, but most people were not straight-A students. Most graduated without honors.

Always encourage best performance by giving recognition to success. Stress is contagious and parents should take care not to infect children. Attitude is important and can help students perform at maximum capacity. Parents can help maintain a positive attitude by being supportive. If a child feels that a test was not fair there is at least a chance that it was. Get the details, look at the test, and confer with the teacher if necessary.

Tests are an unavoidable part of school life, getting into college, and getting many jobs. The earlier children learn test-taking skills, the better. Avoidance of test anxiety is best acquired early, and parents can help children with stress by treating education as important and involving them in fun learning activities at home. Parents should always be supportive and encourage best behavior and avoid punitive, disheartening reactions when children don’t perform well. Teach specific skills early and confer with teachers routinely.


Sources:

  • Bucks.edu. “Test-Taking Strategies" (accessed March 15, 2010).

State.tn.us. "Test-Time: Strategies for Students, Parents, and Teachers” (accessed March 15, 2010).


Sunday, September 23, 2012

Grading Take-at-Home Tests???


Taking tests at home! It's being doine virtually everywhere.

The take-home test. Is it an idea whose time has come? It's being practiced widely already. Sometimes it counts as much as 25% of a student's grade. 

It is said to promote responsibility as a bonus. The idea has mixed reactions from students primarily because they see it as an invasion of time spent with friends and family. Also, the use of the tests includes the risk of a zero grade if not turned in on time. 

But many like the idea because it levels the playing field somewhat. Lower achieving students can seek help from friends, books, and parents. With dedication students can bring their grades up by quite a bit. 

Some educators complain that being able to earn 25% of your grade without supervision of a teacher is risky. Some claim that it teaches some children to cheat. If some children copy the papers of friends their is often no way to know.

Many teachers are outraged, but the take-home test is a popular in many schools. You may be more familiar with it than you realize. The testing method is more commonly referred to as "homework." If you grade homework, it's pretty much equivalent to grading "take-home tests."


Thursday, March 22, 2012

GRADING AND REPORTING STUDENT LEARNING

Grades are "not essential to the
 instructional process."

General Conclusions From the Research:
1. Grading and reporting are not essential to the instructional process.
2. Grading and reporting serve a variety of purposes, but no  one method serves all purposes well.
3. Grading and reporting will always involve some degree of subjectivity.
4. Mathematic precision does not yield fairer or more  objective grading.
5. Grades have some value as a reward, but no value as a punishment.                    
6. Grading and reporting should always be done in reference to learning criteria, never "on the curve."
7. Three general types of learning criteria are used in grading  and reporting:    
 a. Product criteria
 b. Process criteria
 c. Progress criteria
8. Report cards are but one way to communicate with parents.
    
    Guidelines for Better Practice:
1. Begin with a clear statement of purpose and specific learning goals.
    a. Why are grading and reporting done?
    b. For whom is the information intended?
    c. What are the desired results?
2. Ensure that grading and reporting methods provide accurate and understandable
    descriptions students learning.
    a. More a challenge in clear thinking and effective communication
    b. Less an exercise in quantifying achievement
3. Use grading and reporting methods to enhance teaching and learning.
    a. Facilitate communication between teachers, students, parents, and others.
    b. Ensure that efforts to help students are consistent and harmonious
4. Alleviate questionable practices:
    a. Example 1: Averaging to obtain a student's grade or mark.
    b. Example 2: Assigning a 'zero' to work that is late, missed, or neglected.
    c. Example 3: Taking credit away from students for behavioral infractions.



From: Guskey, T. R., & Bailey, J. M. (2001). Developing Grading and Reporting
Systems for Student Learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Guskey, T. R. (2002). How’s My Kid Doing: A Parent’s Guide to Grades,
Marks, & Report Cards. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.


Grades have no value as punishment. 



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